B+Block+Napoleon


 * 1)** Austin-Tyler **2)** Ryan-Parrott **3)** Michae**l 4)** Rachel - Jorge **5)** Connor-Daniel **6)** Shannon **7)** Peres-Mabry **8)** Ellis

QUESTIONS from B

1) Napoleon was born in corsica. Corsica was captured by the french. He was brought up with 8 siblings and he was taught to hate the french. His father was a student and was never around. Napoleon looked up to his mother, she was very determined. Owned 2 houses one in country, and one in the city they were Corsican aristocrats. They traveled to Versailles, His family did not have a lot of money and wealth was a very big problem. The military school that he later attended was a school that was very hard to get into and very pricy. He was able to get his scholarship because he was so very clever and some people were starting to realize that. His father got him a scholarship and he Began study in a school 1778 when he was 9 years old. At the military school he couldn’t visit home for 9 years. He finds him self isolated from the other kids. He could not speak french which made him not talk to anyone. He then became determined to want to be better and become the king or a person in the war and one of the highest powers in france. When he was 15 he was promoted to a military school. Began his apprenticeship at 16 years old.

2) The Battle of Toulon (France) lasted from 18 September – 18 December 1793. It was fought between the French Republicans and the French Royalist Rebellion. The French Republicans end up winning but they lost most of their naval vessels in the port. For his courage during the battle, Napoleon gets promoted to the rank of Brigadier General.  On March 2nd Napoleon is given control of the French Army in Italy. Then on March 11th the Italian Campaign against Austria begins. On May 10th Napoleon wins the Battle of Lodi. On November 17th he wins the Battle of Arcole. On January 14th, 1797 Napoleon wins the Battle of Rivoli. On October 17th the Treaty of Campo-Formio is signed between France and Austria. The Treaty marked the victorious conclusion to Napoleon's campaigns in Italy, the collapse of the First Coalition, and the end of the first phase of the French Revolutionary Wars. On December 5th Napoleon returns to Paris as a hero.

3)

Napoleon attempted to take over Egypt and damage Britain's access to India. Napoleon took control over Egypt on land. He brought scientist to study the pyramids. The British took control of Egypt and defeat French forces in Egypt. During the Battle of the Nile the French got defeated by Britain. Napoleon and his troops got stranded. August, 1799 Napoleon snuck past the British blockage and returned home to France. The people believed he was destined for great things. Napoleon took control of the directory by coup d' etat. They staged the coup d'état. He set up the three man consulate with himself as the first consule. They wanted Napoleon out lawed, they thought he was trying to take over the government. He was head of state, re-wrote the constitution, and by the age of 30 he most powerful man in France.

4) The Second Coalition began in 1800. There were 60,000 French troops verses 60,000 Austrians during this war. Napoleon led his army through Saint Bernard and passed through Alps. The troops had a lot of trouble and had a tough time struggling. There was food shortages along the way and the naval and Napoleon was blocked by the Britain. The Second Italian Campaign was during in the year 1802 and this helped Napoleon secure a position as a leader. The Second Italian Campaign was against the Austrians. Napoleon lead an army of 40,000 me across the Alps. It took six days to get over the alps, but the French won! In 1804 Napoleon became emperor by plebiscite. Everyone thought Napoleon was such an outstanding guy that he changed the constitution and made himself first counsel for life. Napoleon was declared Emperor of France after the new constitution was created. Napoleon crowned himself in the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris.

5) During the war of the third coagulation, Napoleon started planning the invasion of Britian. To succeed in this operation he needed control of the English Channel and instructions were issued for Vice Admiral Pierre Villenueve’s fleet at Toulon to get out of the way off Horatio Nelson’s blockade and come back together with their Spanish troops in the Carribbean  France tried to Invade Great Britian and Nelson which made this war get started.This war took place at the Cape Trafalgar off the South Western coast of Spain, south of Cadiz on the 21st of October, 1805. The size of the gun on the side of the battleships were 24 pounds, firing heavy iron balls or chain and link shot designed to wreck rigging. They only attacked broadside in the most destructive matter. This war was also part of the war of the Third Coalition. Most significant naval battle of the Napolenic Wars and a important naval battle of the nineteenth century. Victory ceased fire, the gunners having been called to the deck to fight the capture but were pushed to the below decks by the French Grenades. As French were preparing to board the victory, the Temeraire, a British ship snuck out of know where and started firing on the French. At 13:55, Captain Lucas, of the Redoutable sank, with 99 men and out of 643, which forced them to surrender. The battle went exactly the way Nelson planned so far. At 11:45, Nelson sent the famous flag sgnal, “England expects that every man will do his duty. He told his signal officer Lieutenant John Pasco, to signal to the fleet the message “ England confides, that every man will do his duty” Napoleon struck back with the Continental System. No trade between the European continent and Great Britain. Great britian responded with blockades of their own. One of the greatest naval victories in British history, the Battle of Trafalgar saw Nelson capture/destroy 18 ships. In addition, Villeneuve lost 3,243 killed, 2,538 wounded, and around 7,000 captured. British losses, including Nelson, numbered 458 killed and 1,208 wounded. One of the greatest naval commanders of all time, Nelson's body was returned to London where he received a state funeral before being interred at St. Paul's Cathedral. In the wake of Trafalgar, the French ceased to pose a significant challenge to the Royal Navy for the duration of the Napoleonic Wars. Despite Nelson's success at sea, the War of the Third Coalition ended in Napoleon's favor following land victories at Ulm and Austerlitz.

6) The Napoleonic Code is the French civil code established by Napoleon in 1804. This code is considered to be one of Napoleon’s most significant achievements. It was the replacement of many feudal laws, at the time. Before this code, there wasn’t a single set of laws for France, only customs. It influenced a big portion of the world: we see a lot of these laws in our present-day conditions. The code didn’t allow major injustices to continue, such as, privileges based on birth. It allowed freedom of religion and demanded that only the most qualified could be in the government. The main purpose of the code is to make sure every French person would be considered equal. Although the message was equality, the laws favored men. Fathers were the leaders of their homes. They had the power to not only make sure their children inherit nothing, but also imprison their child for up to a month. New freedoms were introduced for women, during the revolution, but the code took away many. Women were not allowed to trade chattels or property. If they wanted to, they had to have permission from their husbands. Goals for public works were included, as well. The code mentions building canals and harbors, and making sure roads are safer for travel. The code included education, as well. Napoleon shows that he agrees with the idea of private schools in the code and went for community-wide literacy.

7) The conflict was precipitated when Portugal refused to comply with Napoleon's Continental System. The road to war began in the autumn of 1807 when Napoleon moved French troops through Spain to invade Portugal. The tide began to turn in 1808 when Napoleon created a new enemy by usurping the Spanish throne in favor of his brother Joseph. The Spanish uprising that followed encouraged Britain to send an expeditionary force to the Iberian Peninsula. After feeding more than 100,000 troops into Spain under the pretext of supporting the invasion, Napoleon deposed the existing Spanish monarch. The scale of the war in the Peninsula escalated as a Spanish victory over Dupont at Bailén in July was answered by Napoleon's arrival in Spain at the head of 200,000 veteran troops in April 1808. The Peninsular War raised Britain's military prestige and contributed heavily to Napoleon's downfall.

Victory for Napoleon 8) On June 18, 1812, the French invade Russia. Napoleon’s army crossed the Nerman River and tried to defeat Russia. Napoleon wanted to force the ruler of Russia, Tsar Alexander I, to stop trading with British merchants. The whole point of the campaign was to free Poland because Russia was threating them. The campaign was named “Second Polish War”. It started because of the agreement then doubles cross from the Tsar. Russia has lost to Napoleon once. They sign a peace treaty. They also signed a treaty to trade with England. Napoleon fights England and Russia knowing it was a problem. Russia won the war over France. During the war, the cold weather was a big issue. Hypothermia caused thousands of deaths. People also died of starvation. The cold weather was a really hard time for the people. Napoleons army only had summer clothes. They didn’t have any clothes to keep them warm.  Napoleons loss of losing the war caused him to exile to Elba. Elba is an island in the Mediterranean off of Tuscany, Italy. The people let him be emperor of the island. He was really depressed and tried to commit suicide by taking a pill. His health and power had weakened and was able to be sent away with his wife and son. In the first few months he was in Elba, he built a small navy and army. Napoleon was separated from his wife and son. He had to live under Austrian rule. Napoleon tried to come back to power in 1815. He raised one last army in France. The Duke of Wellington defeated Napoleon a the Battle of Waterloo. The Battle of Waterloo was fought in Waterloo (now called Belgium). The French fought against the British, Germans, Belgians, and Prussians. The British had 23,000 with the allies of 44,000. The French had 74,000. The French lost that war. That was Napoleons last war. He got exiled in St. Helena in the South Atlantic. He died there six years later.
 * Forced Austria to sign an armistice
 * Led to the Treaty of [|Schönbrunn]
 * The battle was fought on the Marchfeld
 * 154,000 French and other troops under Napoleon
 * 158,000 Austrians under [|Archduke Charles]
 * After a defeat at Aspern-Essling in May, Napoleon needed a victory to prevent a new anti-French coalition from forming.
 * Charles deployed his army along a 14-mile front to await the French attack.
 * Napoleon decided to attack before Charles could be reinforced by the 30,000 troops of his brother, Archduke [|John].
 * On the evening of July 5, he hastily attacked the thinly stretched Austrian positions but was beaten back.
 * On the morning of July 6 Charles attacked in the south to cut the French off from the Danube and envelop their southern flank.
 * Napoleon’s main attack was in the north.
 * By reinforcing his southern flank, Napoleon repelled the Austrian attack there; at the same time, the French attack in the north succeeded.
 * Napoleon then launched the final assault against the Austrian centre and split it.
 * By the time Archduke John appeared in the late afternoon, Charles’s army was already in retreat. John was easily driven off.
 * The battle took a terrible toll, mostly from the heaviest concentration of artillery fire yet employed in any war; Austria suffered more than 40,000 casualties and [|France] about 34,000.
 * Four days later Charles asked for an armistice.